In the UK, many road races and multi-terrain races are licensed by UK Athletics. UK Athletics is an umbrella organisation for the National Associations: England Athletics, Athletics Northern Ireland, Scottish Athletics and Welsh Athletics.
There used to be a web page on the www.runbritain.com web site that explained licensing in the following way. Unfortunately, it seems to have gone.
Any event, which offers rewards to runners depending on their finishing position, is defined as a race. The sport has specific rules to cover road races, and one of these is that all races must apply for and obtain a Race Licence.
Under the terms of the Licence Scheme a race promoter agrees to observe the Rules of UK Athletics as they relate to Road Running and Multi-Terrain Events.
In return for the co-operation of the organiser in providing the required information, UK Athletics include Insurance Cover to all Affiliated Events.
For races that are licensed by UK Athletics, this web site gives the licence number and a link to the details about the race that are on the www.runbritain.com web site.